The invention discloses a distributed power generation system based on the groove type solar energy and gas combined cycle. The distributed power generation system comprises a groove type solar heat collecting subsystem, a gas turbine subsystem, a waste heat boiler subsystem and a turbine subsystem. The groove type solar heat collecting subsystem serves as an auxiliary heat source and heats part of feed water at an outlet of a condensate water preheater of a waste heat boiler, and the acting capability of water steam in the waste heat boiler is improved; exhaust gas of a gas turbine is used for heating the feed water in the waste heat boiler; and overheat steam generated by the waste heat boiler acts through expansion in the gas turbine. According to the distributed power generation system, the manner that groove type solar feed water heating is conducted, and then connection into the waste heat boiler is conducted can be automatically selected according to the sun radiation energy changes; when the solar energy is sufficient, a high-pressure evaporator outlet is connected; and when the solar energy is insufficient, a medium-pressure evaporator outlet is connected. Gradient utilization of energy is achieved, and the running efficiency and practicability of the system are improved.