The invention discloses an authenticated multi-party quantum key distribution method based on a tree hierarchical structure. With the assistance of a trusted center and a semi-trusted center, the authenticated multi-party quantum key distribution method based on a tree hierarchical structure implements multi-party quantum key distribution of user identity authentication and key authentication on the tree hierarchical structure, can implement key distribution between any two legitimate users in the tree hierarchical structure, and can realize identity authentication and key verification, thus improving the security of the quantum key distribution method.