The invention discloses a solar chimney power generation device using a compressed air energy storage system. The solar chimney power generation device comprises a heat collecting shed; the upper endof the heat collecting shed communicates with a solar chimney; the lower portion of the solar chimney is provided with a plurality of wind turbines; the wind turbines are connected with a piston of acompressor through a speed variator; an air outlet of the compressor is connected with an air inlet of a high-pressure gas storage tank; the air outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected with an air inlet of a heat exchanger; a heat collecting device is arranged on the upper portion of the heat collecting shed; the heat collecting device is connected with a hot end of a heat storage unit; the hot end of the heat storage unit is connected with the air inlet of the heat exchanger; an output shaft of the heat exchanger is connected with an air inlet of an expander; a power outputshaft of the expander is connected with a rotor of a power generator; and an air outlet of the heat exchanger is connected with the heat collecting device. The problem of power fluctuation of a solarchimney power generation system is solved through the compressed air energy storage system, the smooth and efficient operation of the solar chimney power generation system all the time can be ensured,and the power generation efficiency is improved.