The invention discloses a Barkhausen effect-based electromagnetic suspension track magnetic characteristic detection method and device. The device comprises a packaging mould, a clamping device, an excitation probe, a detection probe and a digital signal processor, wherein the clamping device is used for putting the packaging mould below an inner groove of an F-shaped to-be-detected electromagnetic suspension track; the excitation probe is pre-packaged in the packaging mould and is used for carrying out alternating magnetization on the to-be-detected electromagnetic suspension track; the detection probe is pre-packaged in the packaging mould and is used for generating a corresponding Barkhausen signal when the alternating magnetization is carried out on the to-be-detected electromagnetic suspension track; and the digital signal processor is used for processing the Barkhausen signal to obtain corresponding signal strength so as to carry out defect analysis on the to-be-detected electromagnetic suspension track by utilizing the signal strength. According to the method and device, the electromagnetic suspension track defect detection precision can be improved, and the excitation probeand the detection probe are pre-paced in the packaging mould below the inner groove of the F-shaped to-be-detected electromagnetic suspension track, so that trains can be prevented from colliding with the packaging mould in the running process.