The invention discloses a water and sand surge test system. The water and sand surge test system comprises a fixed box; a placement box is fixed at one side of the fixed box; a rotary module is arranged in the fixed box; four first screws are arranged on the rotary module; furthermore, one ends of the four first screws are rotatably connected to the bottom in the fixed box; one ends of the four first screws pass through the side wall of the fixed box, and extend to the upper end of the fixed box; the upper ends of the four first screws are used for fixing a beam together; an oil cylinder is fixed on the beam; and the piston rod of the oil cylinder passes through the beam, and extends to the lower end of the beam. The invention further discloses a water and sand surge test monitoring method. By means of the water and sand surge test system and monitoring method in the invention, the problem that a test chamber cannot be stably fixed is solved; simultaneously, the problems that a water and sand separation and metering device is poor in stability and angle adjustment cannot be carried out are also solved; the system can be adjusted at any time according to requirements; the flexibility is high; therefore, the test data accuracy rate is increased; and the system is simple to operate and convenient to use.