The invention discloses a five-coordinate machine tool comprehensive test pyramid type part and detection method. The test pyramid type part comprises a base and a body, wherein the base is of a rectangular structure, the body is arranged on the base, the body comprises a first groove, a second groove unit and a chamfer, the first groove is formed in the center of the upper surface of the body, anarea of an opening of the upper end of the first groove is larger than that of the lower end of the first groove, and the center of the first groove is provided with a cylindrical boss; and the second groove unit is arranged at the center of the side surface of the body. According to the five-coordinate machine tool comprehensive test pyramid type part and detection method, the technical problemthat an international standard test piece adopted in the prior art cannot effectively test dynamic interpolation fitting precision of end milling and hole system machining of a five-coordinate linkagemachine tool is solved, superiority that the method is more convenient and more intuitive than international standard NASA pieces and national standard S pieces used in the prior art is achieved, andmeanwhile, the technical effect that the comprehensive performance of the five-coordinate machine tool for each-type five-coordinate linkage interpolation processing can be better embodied.