The invention discloses a power battery automatic control thermal management system based on phase change energy storage and thermoelectric effect, which comprises a battery pack module, a gravity heat pipe pack and a temperature automatic control module, wherein, the battery pack module comprises a single battery, a composite phase change material hollow cylinder and an aluminum base shell; The gravity heat pipe group comprises a plurality of gravity heat pipes; The temperature automatic control module comprises a semiconductor thermoelectric wafer soaking plate sub-module and a temperature measuring thermocouple distributed in each battery sub-module. The semiconductor thermoelectric wafer soaking plate module comprises a semiconductor thermoelectric wafer, a soaking plate, fins, and a temperature measuring thermocouple is used for adjusting the positive connection and the negative connection of the semiconductor thermoelectric wafer according to the measured temperature. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively solve the problem of thermal management and control of the power battery by improving the structure and setting mode of the key module components, the internal structure and the working mode of mutual cooperation among the module components, and the like.