The invention provides an electric ablation-resistant and wear-resistant anti-friction copper-based composite material which comprises the following raw materials: Sn, Pb, Cr, C, TiB2 and copper. Theinvention further provides a preparation method of the composite material. In the electric ablation-resistant and wear-resistant anti-friction copper-based composite material, graphite is added by using copper-plated graphite powder; a copper layer on the surface of graphite can reduce the interface energy and density difference between the graphite and the copper alloy powder, so that the distribution of the graphite in the composite material is more uniform. In a preparation method, heating is realized by induction rapid heating, and then the temperature is averaged, which not only shortensthe heating time, saves energy consumption, but also realizes uniform temperature heating, and avoids the skin effect and sheath damage caused by long heating time of ordinary induction, while avoiding a problem that uniform temperature of a cross section cannot be realized due to poor thermal conductivity of the powder.