The invention discloses a method for analyzing and quantitatively simulating the space-time distribution of carbon energy of a urban residential building system. The method comprises the following steps: identifying the outer contour of a roof plane of the urban residential building system in a city satellite image; superimposing architectural attribute set data on the outer contour of the roof plane, wherein the architectural attribute set includes architectural type, architectural height, architectural storey number and architectural age; according to the key attributes of each single residential building, the building type of each single residential building being zoned; in order to simulate and store the energy consumption model of each single residential building, the 3D spatial datamodel, building attribute set and weather data being imported into the building energy consumption simulation software for each single residential building to superimpose the shadow shielding relationship of adjacent buildings; the spatial and temporal energy consumption model of a single residential building being visualized in GIS. The invention provides a simulation method with strong operability for the energy consumption analysis of the residential building system under the city scale.