The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing associated equipment, and discloses an optical heating power protection and cooling system for high-temperature selective laser sintering. The optical heating power protection and cooling system is entirely arranged at the upper part of a forming cavity of selective laser sintering equipment and divided into a first protective layer, a second protective layer and a third protective layer, which are sequentially laminated into a sandwich structure, from the bottom to the top in the height direction. Specific structures and working mechanisms of the three protective layers are further subjected to optimization design. Through the optical heating power protection and cooling system, effective heat insulation on the forming cavity canbe realized, heating power protection and cooling on the whole optical system can be effectively formed, a laser and other optical components are within an operating temperature range, and the forming process can be carried out safely and stably even in a 400 DEG C high-temperature selective laser sintering working condition.