The invention discloses a method of carrying out anchor rod rock burst prevention capability site testing in an underground engineering excavation process. The method comprises the following steps ofS1, selecting a test section; S2, installing an anchor rod; S3, expanding excavation; S4, evaluating an anchor rod effect; and S5, processing an anchor rod and cutting off an exposed anchor rod. The effect of the anchor rod on rock burst prevention and control can be really tested. Blasting is used to simulate rock burst, the thickness of a blasting rock mass is used to simulate blasting crater depths corresponding to the different grades of rock burst, and a loose blasting design is used to simulate the rock mass ejection distances of the different grades of rock burst. The impact failure andenergy release characteristics of the rock burst can be well simulated, and the actual effect of the anchor rod on rock burst prevention and control can be really tested, and the one-sidedness of anindoor experiment and a numerical calculation result is avoided. The method has high practicability. Compared with a special excavation test hole, by using the method of the invention, an existing engineering excavation sequence and a scheme need to be adjusted, cost is low and practicability is high.