The invention discloses a mine seism advance detection method based on a carbon dioxide cannon, which comprises the following steps: the carbon dioxide cannon is used as a seismic source of mine seismadvance detection; facing a worker, a drill hole is punched in the head-on middle of a tunnel and the carbon dioxide cannon is placed at a predetermined position and oriented installation is carriedout on the carbon dioxide cannon; a plurality of six-component detectors are arranged in turn and side by side on a side wall of the tunnel; a collecting host is turned on, and the carbon dioxide cannon emits vibration signals to the pre-digging direction at a time, at the moment, the six-component detectors send detected vibration signals to the collecting host and the collecting host records; and the collecting host transmits each collected vibration signal to a computer, and the computer carries out comprehensive analysis in combination with geological data on site and finally predicts thegeologic anomaly structure in the front of the tunnel. The method disclosed in the invention has the advantages of low pressure detonation, seism source orientation, controllable energy and repeated using, and can carry out mine seism advance detection in the process of coal mass fracture operation carried out by the carbon dioxide cannon, so as to realize the mine seism advance detection withoutaffecting construction on a working face.