The invention provides a chirped fiber grating dispersion regulating device for an ultrafast pulse laser, which is characterized in that a chirped fiber grating is fixed on a heat conducting plate through heat conducting silicone grease, the transfer of heat can be quickly realized by adopting the heat conducting silicone grease, and heat exchange between the chirped fiber grating and the heat conducting plate is enabled to be better performed. The temperature at two ends of the chirped fiber grating is regulated by using semiconductor refrigerators so as to realize the regulation for the dispersion, thereby compensating the dispersion in the system efficiency and precisely, and being capable of obtaining the optimized pulse; and the gradient direction of the temperature field is changed through the driving current of the semiconductor refrigerators by using temperature regulation characteristics of the chirped fiber grating, thereby realizing a role of bidirectional precision regulation for the dispersion of the chirped fiber grating; and the dispersion of the chirped fiber grating is continuously and precisely regulated in a bidirectional mode through controlling the temperaturedifference between two ends of the heat conducting plate.