The invention relates to a transaction consensus processing method based on a blockchain. Target node equipment which initiates a proposition carries out compression processing on proposed transactiondata on the basis of a preset compression algorithm, and fragments the compressed transaction data into a specified number of data fragments on the basis of an erasure code algorithm. The method comprises the steps of: receiving the data fragments of the transaction data, which are sent by the target node equipment in a unicast mode, wherein the data fragments sent to each node equipment by the target node equipment in the unicast mode are different; sending the received data fragments to other node equipment in a broadcast mode; receiving the data fragments of the transaction data, which aresent by other node equipment in the broadcast mode; determining whether the number of the received data fragments of the transaction data reaches an erasure code recovery threshold; if yes, carryingout data recovery on the received data fragments on the basis of an erasure code reconstruction algorithm; and on the basis of a decompression algorithm, carrying out decompression processing on the recovered transaction data to obtain original contents of the transaction data so as to complete consensus.