The invention discloses an anchor rod drill carriage and a tunnel operation method thereof. The anchor rod drill carriage comprises a main unit part, a lifting arm and a transverse telescopic frame capable of stretching out or drawing back in the transverse direction. A main lifting oil cylinder connected with the lifting arm and driving the lifting arm to rise or fall is installed on the main unit part. The two ends of the transverse telescopic frame are provided with automatic drill arms. One side of the transverse telescopic frame is connected with the lifting arm. The other side of transverse telescopic frame is connected with an anchor net bin capable of containing, unfolding and raising an anchor net. A self-walking mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the main unit part. Control parts for controlling a main lifting oil cylinder, the self-walking mechanism, the transverse telescopic frame and the automatic drill arms respectively are arranged in the main unit part. The transverse direction is perpendicular to the walking direction of the self-walking mechanism. The operation time is shortened, efficiency is improved, the safety coefficient of workers is increased, and the automation degree is high.