The invention discloses a distribution network asymmetric fault location and isolation method and system based on adaptive reclosing. Fault phase is selected according to fault information. In the process of step-by-step coincidence, a switch of a sound phase is first overlapped, and then the fault property is determined according to the magnitude of inductive voltage. If the fault is a permanentfault, the closed switch of the sound phase is turned off to isolate a faulty section. According to the invention, rapid section location and isolation under the asymmetric fault of a distribution network are realized through voltage phase selection and fault property identification; compared with traditional voltage time feeder automation, the method provided by the invention can avoid blind permanent fault overlapping and two power failures of a non-faulty section; multiple actions of the switch are avoided; and the time for fault location and isolation is effectively shortened.