The invention discloses a system for balancing tension of a steel wire rope at the friction hoisting drive end of an ultra deep well. The system comprises a friction wheel, a left guide wheel, a rightguide wheel, left steel wire ropes, right steel wire ropes, a left adjusting wheel, a right adjusting wheel, a left rewinding wheel, a right rewinding wheel, a left adjusting oil cylinder, a right adjusting oil cylinder, a hydraulic pipeline, a pump station, a pipeline switch group, a left hoisting container, a right hoisting container, a balance rope and a winding drum; the friction wheel is arranged in the middle of the system, the left adjusting wheel, the right adjusting wheel, the left rewinding wheel and the right rewinding wheel surround the friction wheel and are distributed in the circumferential direction, the left guide wheel, the right guide wheel, the left adjusting wheel, the right adjusting wheel, the left rewinding wheel and the right rewinding wheel are all symmetricallyarranged on two sides of the friction wheel; the numbers of the left steel wire rope and the right steel wire rope are both even numbers of more than two; the adjusting wheels process a degree of freedom moving in the radial direction of the friction wheel and are connected with the adjusting oil cylinders for driving in the radial direction; the stroke directions of the left adjusting oil cylinder and the right adjusting oil cylinders are in the radial direction of the friction wheel; and each adjusting oil cylinder is connected with the pump station through the hydraulic pipeline, and the pipeline switch group is arranged on the hydraulic pipeline. According to the system, the mechanical efficiency can be effectively improved, the steel wire rope tension balance can be dramatically adjusted, and in addition, the hoisting efficiency of the system can be elevated without frequently manually adjusting the rope for maintenance.