The invention relates to the technical field of composite type lining tunnel and underground engineering, and discloses a method for preventing and controlling cast-in-place concrete lining structurecracks. The method includes the following steps of determining engineering characteristic indexes A of a tunnel and underground engineering lining structure, determining crack control indexes E, determining constraint condition indexes B beneficial for preventing and controlling the lining concrete cracks, monitoring the lining concrete construction environment and variation rule thereof on site,determining construction environment characteristic indexes C, determining healthcare condition indexes D beneficial for preventing and controlling the cracks after lining concrete demolding, and judging whether the indexes A, B, C and D related to the crack preventing and control method need to be modified or not. According to the method for preventing and controlling the cast-in-place concrete lining structure cracks, the aim of controlling the contraction quality of a cast-in-place concrete lining is realized, and the expected aim of structure safety and durability design is realized.