The invention relates to an axial movable extruding type multi-layer cylinder clutch based on magnetorheological liquid. The axial movable extruding type multi-layer cylinder clutch consists of an input group, an output group and a spring piston group, wherein the input group comprises an input shaft, an electromagnetic coil and the like; the output group comprises an output shaft inner shaft, anoutput shaft outer shaft, a motor and the like; the output shaft inner shaft is supported in a cavity on the inner side of the output shaft outer shaft through a linear bearing; the output shaft outershaft cooperates with the output shaft inner shaft through a spline-like tooth structure; the tail end of the output shaft inner shaft cooperates with an output turbine of a motor; when the motor rotates, the output shaft inner shaft is driven to move in an axial direction, so that the length and the adjacent area of an annular cavity formed by the input shaft and the output shaft are changed; apiston cam group comprises a piston fixed on the output shaft outer shaft and four springs; a leakage discharge hole is formed in the piston; two sides of each of the four springs are separately connected with the head and the inner wall of the piston; and when the head of the piston is subjected to magnetic field force to move leftwards, the magnetorheological liquid in the annular cavity can beextruded, and the capacity of the clutch for transmitting force and moment is improved.