The invention relates to the field of a consensus algorithm of a block chain distributed node, in particular to a hierarchical concurrent Byzantine consensus method and system applying a digital signature technology. The method comprises the following steps: a node which creates a block in a sliding time window is elected as a leader node to participate in consensuses, a creation node of a newestblock is used as a supreme leader node, and a stock right pyramid is built from big to small according to stock rights; the stock right pyramid is sequentially checked and adjusted from top to bottom;after the adjustment is completed, the consensus of each piece of transaction information is initiated by the supreme leader node, and the consensuses are carried out in each consensus group sequentially from top to bottom; message transmission is carried out in a digital signature mode during the consensuses; after the consensuses of all consensus groups are completed, a consensus result of current transaction information is broadcast to the whole network, and then the consensus of the next piece of transaction information is started; and when a new block is created, the sliding time windowslides backwards for one block, and the above steps are repeated. The defects of an application of a Byzantine fault-tolerant algorithm to an open block chain can be overcome.