The invention discloses a box type vibration damping structure based on an acoustic black hole effect, and the box type vibration damping structure comprises: an upper main beam and a lower main beamwhich are arranged in parallel and symmetrically, a first connecting member and a second connecting member are respectively disposed at two ends of the space formed by the upper main beam and the lower main beam, at least one ABH vibration damping member is disposed between the upper main beam and the lower main beam and located between the first connecting member and the second connecting member,and the surface of the ABH vibration damping member is provided with a damping layer. The box type vibration damping structure provided by the invention utilizes the acoustic black hole effect to concentrate the elastic wave energy on the main beams to the ABH vibration damping member, and utilizes the damping layer attached to the ABH vibration damping member to realize the absorption and consumption of the vibration energy, with the advantages of simple structure, good robustness, excellent vibration damping effect, etc., and the box type vibration damping structure has broad application prospects in box structure and beam structure vibration control.