The invention discloses a formalized description-based carrier rocket test data interpretation method and system. The method comprises the following steps: (1) classifying criteria of test parameters;(2) defining composition elements of a test parameter criterion; (3) according to the defined composition elements, carrying out formalized description on the classified criteria; (4) reading formalized description of the criterion, and converting an interpretation rule represented by the formalized description into a target program code which can be identified by a computer; And (5) operating the target program code by taking the carrier rocket test data as a data source, and giving an interpretation conclusion about whether the carrier rocket test data is normal or not, thereby completing interpretation of the carrier rocket test data. Through the formalized description method, the problem that the criteria of the test data of the carrier rocket are difficult to accurately describe anddefine is solved, automatic test data interpretation is realized on the basis, and the test data interpretation efficiency and accuracy are greatly improved.