The invention discloses an assembly building construction navigation method based on machine vision, and belongs to the technical field of assembly building hoisting. The assembly building construction navigation method includes the steps: a three-dimensional laser scanning unit obtains three-dimensional data of a to-be-assembled prefabricated part and a target construction site; a modeling unit builds three-dimensional models of the to-be-assembled prefabricated part and the target construction site correspondingly; a path calculation unit calculates an optimal predetermined path for assembling of the to-be-assembled prefabricated partthrough an ant colony algorithm; a tower crane control unit controls a tower crane to install the to-be-assembled prefabricated part with the optimal predetermined path; a detection unit detects whether any deviation exists in the position of the assembled prefabricated part or not, and if yes, the tower crane control unit adjusts the assembled prefabricated part; and if not, the next prefabricated part continues to be installed in the way. According to the assembly building construction navigation method based on the machine vision, the problems oflong working time, low working efficiency and poor accuracy when assembling prefabricated parts in the prior art can be solved.