The invention provides a cargo box, a freight train, a cargo transportation system and a cargo transportation method. The cargo box comprises a box body and a box door, wherein a partition plate, a baffle and a control unit are arranged in the box body; a horizontal groove is formed in the side wall of the box body, and the partition plate is arranged in the groove; the baffle is vertically arranged in the box body; the control unit controls the baffle to move up and down and horizontally in the box body through a moving device. According to the cargo box, the freight train, the cargo transportation system and the cargo transportation method, layered loading of cargo can be carried out, the storage amount of the cargo box is improved, and the movement of the baffle through the control unitcan further be controlled to realize the movement and loading and unloading of the cargo in the cargo box, meanwhile, the baffle can fix the cargo, and damage caused by the movement of the cargo is reduced.