The invention discloses a layered stereoscopic monitoring method and system based on UWB positioning. The method comprises the following steps: a three-dimensional space of a construction site is divided into at least two three-dimensional regions, and 4 UWB positioning base stations are arranged in each three-dimensional region; a constructor carries a UWB positioning label to enter the construction site, and the label can communicate with four base stations in the three-dimensional region when the label is located in any three-dimensional region; ranging information of each UWB positioning base station in a communication-capable range is uploaded to an upper computer in real time; and the upper computer judges which three-dimensional region the label is according to the ranging information of each UWB positioning base station in the communication-capable range; coordinate resolving is performed according to determined distance information between four base stations in the three-dimensional region and the label, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional coordinate of the UWB positioning label; and a three-dimensional positioning image is displayed. Compared with the prior art, the safety manager can accurately monitor the location information of each constructor in real time.