The invention relates to an underwater wireless sensor network coverage vulnerability repair algorithm based on cluster partitioning, comprising the following steps: using a topological model of a three-dimensional dense network to divide the entire three-dimensional space into multiple identical virtual component units; finding a failure node and a vulnerability edge node by establishing mappingbetween a coverage matrix and a dividing unit, and analyzing the relationship between the perceived radius of the vulnerability edge node and the center length from the dividing unit to detect the vulnerability; and selecting a key location and a supplementary node location. Based on the above information and the related definition of a cluster dormancy scheduling algorithm, through vulnerabilitydetection, determination of a supplementary node, finding and awakening of a new supplementary node until the success and moving of the awakened node, coverage vulnerability repair is realized, thereby achieving high coverage, high connectivity and low energy consumption of the network.