The embodiment of the invention provides a railway fastener elastic strip damage identification method and device. Relating to the technical field of traffic safety, The method comprises the followingsteps: establishing a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model and setting the three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model in a service state; establishing a coupling space simulation model of the vehicle and the steel rail; according to the coupling space simulation model, obtaining dynamic response data between the vehicle and the steel rail under the condition of corrugation of the steel rail, inputting the dynamic response data as excitation into a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model; According to the railway fastener damage identification method and device, thedamage state of the elastic strip is identified and the identification result is obtained according to the stress condition of the elastic strip, so that the damage of the railway fastener is identified, the damage of the railway fastener can be prevented according to the identification result of the damage of the railway fastener, and the working difficulty of overhauling the damaged railway fastener is reduced at the same time.