The invention provides a high strength and high toughness epoxy composite material with a specific nano-structure. The high strength and high toughness epoxy composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of epoxy resin, 20 parts of a curing agent, and 1.25-20 parts of BXLS segmented copolymer. Experiment results show that the BXLS segmented copolymerforms a novel nano-structure in the 'paramecium'-like shape in the epoxy resin, a BXLS/epoxy resin composite material prepared by the high strength and high toughness epoxy composite material can significantly increase the toughness of the material and have better mechanical strength in the case of the extremely low addition amount of the BXLS segmented copolymer, and the application field of theepoxy resin is greatly widened.