The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-toughness wear-resistant epoxy resin composite material. The preparation method comprises the steps of preparing a liquid rubber intercalated and modified montmorillonite nano composite material from liquid rubber and montmorillonite, and preparing an epoxy resin composite material from the liquid rubber intercalated and modified montmorillonite nano composite material and epoxy resin through a curing agent. The impact strength of the epoxy resin composite material is 19-36 KJ/m<2>; and the wear resistance is improved by 30% or above. According to the invention, the epoxy resin is improved by virtue of the advantages of an organic/inorganic nano composite material, in particular, the organic/inorganic multi-dimensional nano structuralcomposite material prepared from the liquid rubber quaternary ammonium salt intercalated and modified montmorillonite is adopted to improve the epoxy resin, and thus, the epoxy resin has good toughness and wear resistance.