The invention discloses a fast prewarning identification method and system for the elevation of a mud surface. The method comprises the steps of S1, storing a standard value of the elevation of the mud surface and a mapping relation between the elevation of the mud surface and prewarning colors; S2, inputting an actual measurement value of the elevation of the mud surface at each mud surface elevation measuring point; S3, calculating the current elevation of the mud surface according to the standard value of the elevation of the mud surface and the actual measurement value of the elevation ofthe mud surface; S4, dividing a display interface into a plurality of sub-areas, wherein each sub-area displays the current elevation of the mud surface at the corresponding mud surface elevation measuring point and the corresponding prewarning color mapped by the current elevation of the mud surface. According to the method and the system, by visually displaying the current elevation of the mud surface and the corresponding prewarning color of the current elevation of the mud surface, time and strength are saved when the elevation of the mud surface is analyzed, so that the method and the system are convenient, visual in result and high in prewarning identification speed.