The invention discloses a device for enriching and removing suspended particles in a water body. The device comprises a box body, a particle obtaining device and a flow pushing device, wherein the boxbody comprises a frame, two opposite side plates and a bottom plate connected to the bottoms of the two side plates; the side plates are arranged in the water flow direction, and gill rake rod holesare formed in the opposite positions of the two side plates; a gill rake rod penetrates through each pair of gill rake rod holes, the upper portions of the gill rake rods are fixedly connected with filter membranes, and the top ends of the filter membranes can freely float; strip-shaped floating bodies perpendicular to the gill rake rods are arranged on the filter membranes, the width of the filter membranes is larger than or equal to the distance between the two side plates, and the particle obtaining device is arranged at the upper part of the downstream end of the box body; an obtaining opening of the particle obtaining device faces the water flow direction, and the flow pushing device is arranged at the lower part of the downstream end of the particle obtaining device; the flow pushingdirection of the flow pushing device is consistent with the water flow direction. The device adopts a physical mode, and can remove the suspended particles in the water body in a large-flow and low-energy-consumption mode; the density of the particles in the water body can be effectively reduced, and particularly, the density of cyanobacteria can be effectively reduced.