The invention relates to a preparation method of a graphene oxide loaded Fe-N-C material. The method comprises the following steps of adding NH4Cl into a GO suspension to carry out ultrasonic treatment for 2 hours, and then carrying out freeze drying for 48 hours to obtain light brown powder; adding anhydrous FeCl3 and urea into deionized water to be mixed, putting the mixture in an oil bath, andperforming stirring until the mixture is dried; finally carrying out grinding and mixing on the obtained light brown powder and the dried powder taken out from the oil bath, and carrying out calciningunder the condition of Ar2; firstly, heating the temperature to be 550 DEG C at 3 DEG C/min and performing temperature preserving for 4 hours; then, heating a tubular furnace to 700-900 DEG C and performing temperature preserving for 1 hour; and finally, naturally cooling to the room temperature under the protection of Ar2, and preparing the graphene oxide loaded Fe-N-C material. The preparationprocess is simple, the cost is low, the material structure uniformity is high, the electrochemical performance is excellent, and the defects that a noble metal catalyst is high in cost, complex in preparation process and difficult to realize industrialization are overcome.