The invention relates to a two-dimensional blade profile optimization method for a compressor considering a low Reynolds number working performance; the optimization method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step 1: analyzing the meridional flow performance of a prototype multistage axial flow compressor at different rotating speeds; step 2: determining a key two-dimensional blade profile section to be optimized; step 3: performing parametric fitting to the key two-dimensional blade profile in step 2; step 4: analyzing the aerodynamic performance of the two-dimensional blade profile, and analyzing the aerodynamic performance of the parameterized two-dimensional blade profile to obtain the variable attack angle performance of the blade profile under a low Reynolds numberworking condition and the variable attack angle performance under a high Reynolds number working condition; and step 5: optimizing the modeling parameters of the two-dimensional blade profile, adjusting the two-dimensional modeling parameters according to the variable attack angle performance parameters of the two-dimensional blade profile obtained in step 4 at different Reynolds numbers, using agenetic algorithm to circularly iterate steps 3 and 4 until a two-dimensional blade profile design reducing loss and increasing stall margin is obtained, and then obtaining a new two-dimensional blade profile. According to the invention, the performance optimization of the two-dimensional blade profile of the axial flow compressor at different Reynolds numbers and different attack angles is realized; the designed working performance of the compressor is improved while the aerodynamic performance of the compressor at the low rotation speed working condition is improved; and the flow efficiencyis improved while the normal starting and stable working of the compressor are ensured.