The invention discloses a portable tobacco pesticide residue test paper detection device and a utilization method. The detection device comprises a shell, test paper and a plurality of reagent capsules, and the reagent capsules are arranged on the test paper in the shell. Capsule shells of the reagent capsules are sustained-release shells filled with reagents. The inner wall of the shell is connected with a rotating shaft, a surface of the shell is provided with an opening connected with a seal cover, the seal cover is provided with a hollowed-out notch, and the shell is provided with a paperoutlet and at least one illuminating part. Various plant pesticide residues can be detected in one time, and the device is portable, high in detection accuracy and simple, convenient and quick in detection process.