The invention discloses a new energy consumption-oriented water distribution network and power distribution network combined economic dispatching method, which comprises the following steps: carryingout state analysis on a water distribution network, obtaining node water head and pipe section flow, and calculating water pump power consumption by utilizing the active power of a water pump p in a time period tau; based on the active and reactive power balance of the power distribution network node i, the water distribution network is approximate to a load node to be accessed to the power distribution network, carrying out power flow analysis of the power distribution network, and acquriing node voltage, line power flow, distributed power generation consumption rate and superior power grid electricity purchase quantity are obtained; calculating the adaptive value of each particle according to an economically optimal objective function, and judging whether each particle meets the operation constraints of the water distribution network and the power distribution network or not by utilizing a plurality of constraint conditions; updating an optimal solution and a global optimal solutionof the particles according to a feasibility rule; and performing global search based on a simulated annealing method, updating the global optimal solution again, and outputting the global optimal solution to generate a water distribution network and power distribution network combined economic dispatching plan if the global optimal solution reaches an iteration upper limit. The method solves the problems that the urban water distribution network is too high in operation electric charge and the distributed energy consumption of the power distribution network is difficult.