The invention provides a spent fuel storage pool which comprises a plurality of pool structures, wherein the pool structures can be communicated with a sea area and can place spent fuels. Each pool structure comprises a cooling water cold pool, a cooling water hot pool and a pool, wherein the cooling water cold pool and the cooling water hot pool can be communicated with the sea area, the pool canstore a plurality of spent fuels, the cooling water cold pool is communicated with the pool, the cooling water hot pool is communicated with the pool, and a control chamber is arranged inside the cooling water cold pool and communicated with the outside through an escape channel. As a current spent fuel pool is usually built inside a nuclear power station, the volume of the current spent fuel pool is very small, the current spent fuel pool is easily saturated, a cooling system is complicated and high in cost, and safety guarantee measures are difficult.