The invention discloses an extensible superconducting quantum bit structure which comprises a plurality of superconducting quantum bit lines, each superconducting quantum bit line comprises at least one Josephson junction structure, and each Josephson junction structure is a Josephson junction, or a plurality of Josephson junctions, or a combination of the Josephson junction and an auxiliary line;a capacitor and an inductor which are directly connected with the Josephson junction; a coupler circuit which is used for adjusting the coupling strength between the superconducting quantum bits connected with the coupler, and the coupling strength can be adjusted to be close to or equal to zero; an overline which is used for connecting the superconducting quantum bit line and the ground on the two sides of the coupler line; Wherein the number of the capacitors directly connected with the Josephson junction is multiple, and the superconducting quantum bits are coupled with other circuits through a branch structure formed by the plurality of capacitors. The structure has the advantages of high precision, high expansibility and low crosstalk, and the application of superconducting quantum calculation is promoted.