A distributed all-electric drive system and a grouping control method are disclosed. The distributed all-electric drive system comprises a plurality of modular electric drive devices and a drive controller; each modular electric drive device comprises a wheel, a wheel set, a wheel side drive shaft, a motor and an integrated motor controller; each group of modular electric drive device is equippedwith one integrated motor controller, all integrated motor controllers are interconnected with the drive controller to realize the reading of the working state of the motor and the transmission of control signals; the drive controller sends corresponding control signals to each integrated motor controller respectively, and each integrated motor controller drives the motor in the modular electric drive device to work according to the received corresponding control signal, and transmits the control signal to the wheel set through the wheel side drive shaft, and finally drives the wheel to rotate. According to the invention, by adopting multi-motor cooperative control based on rules, intelligent grouping control and the like, the driving conditions are adaptively identified, the power cycle in the driving process is reduced, the optimal system efficiency is achieved, the tire wear is reduced, and the chassis driving safety is improved.