The invention provides a nano boehmite-reinforced phase-change gypsum material. The phase-change gypsum material comprises the following components: 87-96 parts of building gypsum, 2-13 parts of a phase change material, 0.001-1 part of nano boehmite, and 0.001-2 parts of a retarder. A preparation method of the phase-change gypsum material comprises the following steps: firstly, screening expandedperlite with a suitable particle size as a carrier, drying the expanded perlite, mixing the expanded perlite and phase-change material n-octadecane to form a porous material loaded with a phase changebody, adding the porous material loaded with the phase change body into the building gypsum, then adding the ultrasonically-dispersed nano boehmite and the retarder to prepare the phase-change gypsummaterial. The preparation method provided by the invention can effectively improve tensile strength reduction caused by addition of the phase change material, significantly enhance the strength of the phase-change gypsum material, and improve the thermal conductivity of the phase-change gypsum material; and the process is simple and easy to operate, and suitable for industrialized promotion.