The invention discloses an engine oil protection device of a mining auxiliary transport vehicle engine. The protection device comprises a gas source pipeline connected with a gas starting machine, wherein a gas path switching valve and a starting valve are arranged on the gas source pipeline. A gas-cut air cylinder and an oil-cut oil cylinder which are connected in parallel are arranged and are connected with a shuttle valve. One end of the shuttle valve is connected with the part, between the gas path switching valve and the starting valve, of the gas source pipeline through a gas path I, a stop valve is arranged on the gas path I, the other end of the shuttle valve is connected with a gas path II connected with a gas source, a pilot control valve II is arranged on the gas path II, and apilot control valve I is arranged between the pilot control valve II and the shuttle valve. The driving end of the pilot control valve I communicates with an engine engine oil pressure pipeline, and the driving end of the pilot control valve II is connected with the part, between the starting valve and the gas starting machine, of the gas source pipeline through a gas path III; and the gas path III is provided with a time delay valve, and a gas storage pipe is arranged between the time delay valve and the pilot control valve II. According to the protection device, automatic shutdown can be realized in the case of an abnormal condition, so that the phenomenon that the engine is subjected to cylinder scoring due to the fact that the engine is not lubricated by engine oil, and therefore the engine is scrapped is avoided.