The invention discloses an industrial sewage monitoring system based on GA-BP, and relates to the technical field of monitoring systems. The industrial sewage monitoring system comprises a sewage detection pool, a water inlet pipeline, a treatment system, a connection pipeline, a first discharging pipeline, a second discharging pipeline, a control cabinet, a circuit board, a processor, a storage,a GA-BP neutral network, a communication device, a solar panel, a bracket, a coiling device, a coiling cable, a detection shell, a support column, a detection assembly, a discharge loudspeaker and a treatment loudspeaker, wherein the water inlet pipeline is arranged at a left end face of the sewage detection pool; the treatment system is arranged on a right side of the sewage detection pool; and the sewage detection pool and the treatment system are connected through the connection pipeline. After adoption of the technical scheme, the industrial sewage monitoring system has the beneficial effects of simple structure and high application value. Through the GA-BP neural network, the industrial sewage monitoring system can evaluate industrial wastewater and accurately get the water quality condition of the industrial sewage. The industrial sewage monitoring system has excellent user friendliness, can meet the industrial application demand, is accurate in detection, and has superior performance and high generalization performance in the same field.