The invention discloses an NB-IOT-based intelligent electronic manhole cover and a control method. The manhole cover comprises an MCU (microprogrammed control unit), a battery power supply module, a power detection module, a DC-DC step-down circuit module, an NB-IOT module, an acceleration module, a communication module, and a steering gear control module. According to the NB-IOT-based intelligentelectronic manhole cover, remote unlocking of the manhole cover state can be realized through remote service, manhole cover vibration and inclination and displacement and knocking damage alarm information can be detected in real time, when the battery is dead, the electronic manhole cover can be opened on-site by wireless charging, and the manhole cover has the advantages of having long battery life, low maintenance cost, and high intelligence degree; and wireless long-distance communication with wireless electronic manhole covers is possible.