The invention relates to the field of image analysis, in particular to an infrared temperature measurement method and device for a target object based on contour extraction. The method comprises the following steps of detecting the target object according to infrared temperature measurement equipment in order to obtain a temperature distribution dot matrix; carrying out image contour extraction toobtain at least two contours in the whole infrared image; selecting a certain pixel point in the whole infrared image, and determining the innermost-layer contour containing the pixel point accordingto the selected pixel point, wherein the innermost-layer contour is a target contour; and acquiring relevant temperature data of the infrared image in the target contour. The image contour extractionis carried out on the temperature distribution dot matrix in order to obtain the at least two contours, and the innermost-layer contour containing a certain pixel point is used as the target contour,so that the phenomenon that a part of useless pixel points are framed in the contour or a part of useful pixel points are placed outside the contour can be avoided, and the display precision of temperature distribution details in the infrared temperature measurement is improved.