The invention relates to a method for correcting atmospheric refraction of an optical imaging satellite through utilizing fixed star observation data and belongs to the technical field of remote sensing image processing. The method comprises steps that S1, an atmospheric layering model is established according to a light wave band of an observed satellite image; S2, a fixed star light refraction model is established, and the atmospheric refractive index is calculated through utilizing the observed fixed star deflection phenomenon and the layer-by-layer forward iterative algorithm; S3, the deflected fixed start light is corrected through the fixed star light refraction model and the atmospheric refractive index, and the atmospheric refractive index is updated through the correction result;and S4, the fixed star light refraction phenomenon is predicted through the fixed star light refraction model, the coplanar nature of a satellite and the updated atmospheric refractive index. The method is advantaged in that the atmospheric refractive index is estimated based on the observed fixed star deflection phenomenon, volatility characteristics of the atmospheric refractive index can be better reflected, and the method can further be used in the case where a satellite observation space target is refracted twice by the atmosphere.