The invention provides a grooved wheel type pre-seeding sugarcane seeder and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The grooved wheel type pre-seeding sugarcane seeder comprises a seed box, a frame, a seeder, a transmission device and a traveling wheel. By the adoption of the grooved wheel type pre-seeding sugarcane seeder, a whole machine is installed through the frame, a structure is miniaturized and light, the seeder is suitable for seeding on different terrains, a seeding machine is arranged for seeding, manual seed feeding is not needed, manual operation intensity can be effectively reduced, sugarcane seeds can be sequentially discharged, seeding uniformity is guaranteed, and a seeding leakage phenomenon in a seeding process can be effectively solved. By arranging an auxiliary seed box and a seed guide plate, unqualified seeds can be removed and recovered. A grooved wheel can be synchronously driven along with the traveling wheel, on one hand, a seeding speed can be guaranteed to be consistent with a traveling speed of the seeder, and non-uniform seeding is avoided; and on the other hand, driving equipment is not required to be arranged on the grooved wheel,so that equipment cost is reduced, integration of ditching and sowing and soil covering is achieved, seeding efficiency is high, and seeding time is saved.