The invention provides an elevator bidirectional safety gear and an elevator. The elevator bidirectional safety gear comprises a safety gear body, a driving unit, two transmission pieces, a synchronous movement pair and a gravity driving unit, wherein the safety gear body comprises a first brake block and a second brake block, the first brake block is used for preventing a lift car from moving downwards relative to lift car guide rails, and the second brake block is used for preventing the lift car from ascending relative to the lift car guide rails; the synchronous movement pair is connectedbetween the two transmission pieces and used for synchronizing working states of the first brake block and the second brake block; and the gravity driving unit is connected with one transmission pieceand is used for driving the first brake block and the second brake block to enter a locking state. Compared with the bidirectional safety gear triggered by an existing speed limiter, the actively controlled elevator bidirectional safety gear provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and disassembly, low cost, high sensitivity and short response time, can effectively reduce the braking energy when the safety gear operates, and can be used not only for the protection against overspeed and falling of the elevator, but also for the protection against accidental movement of the lift car.