The invention discloses an ultra-wideband laser communication and ranging integration device and method, which belong to the technical field of laser communication and laser ranging. The device comprises a host computer display and control module, an ultra-wideband signal generating module, an uplink laser emitting assembly, an uplink laser receiving assembly, an uplink signal collecting and clockrecovery module, a signal forwarding module, a downlink laser emitting assembly, a downlink laser receiving assembly, a downlink signal collecting and capture tracking module, a ranging information processing module and a communication demodulation module. Based on a pulse position modulation mode, the relative position of the pulse is used to transmit the communication data, sinusoidal carriersare not needed, ultra-narrow pulses of a nanosecond level are directly emitted, the spectrum utilization rate is high, the extremely narrow pulse width can obtain high time resolution, and the laser ranging precision can be improved obviously. The average emitting power can also be effectively reduced, and the device and the method are applied to ultra-long-range deep space detection laser communication and ranging integration.