The invention aims to provide radionuclide labeled endothelial progenitor cells and a preparation method and application thereof. It is discovered that the endothelial progenitor cells can be specifically enriched in the lungs, especially in the lungs of a pulmonary hypertension model for the first time. The endothelial progenitor cells have lung targeting characteristics, based on this, the endothelial progenitor cells can be used for preparing a lung-targeted imaging agents or drugs, some biological characteristics of living cells can be detected qualitatively and quantitatively in real timeat the cellular and molecular levels, abnormal changes of cellular and molecular levels in the early stage of a disease can be observed without toxic and side effects, and the radionuclide labeled endothelial progenitor cells have good stability.