The invention relates to a rubber mixing exhaust gas treatment system and method. The system comprises a bag-type dust collector, a swirl jet absorption tower, a draught fan and a discharge tower in sequence in the flow direction of exhaust gas, wherein the swirl jet absorption tower comprises a plurality of jet absorption tubes, and waste liquor from the bottom of the swirl jet absorption tower is used for being recycled as an absorption solution. The system is combined with the structures of the bag-type dust collector and swirl jet absorption tower, can simultaneously control solid particles and VOCs pollutants in the rubber mixing exhaust gas, and solves the technical problems in the prior art.