The invention discloses a system and method for detecting a launching force thermal environment of a carrier rocket. The system comprises a plurality of force-thermal environment combination detectionunits capable of simultaneously measuring pressure, temperature, heat flow, acceleration and strain, wherein the force-thermal environment combination detection units are correspondingly arranged ata center position of a boosting rocket engine combustion gas stream core region boundary, in a launching platform tabletop combustion gas stream diffusion zone, on a core-stage rocket engine combustion gas stream core region boundary, on the core-grade flow guide hole wall, on the boosting flow guide hole wall, on a flow guide cone and in a flow guide groove. According to the system, the arrangement position and arrangement number of array sensors can be greatly reduced, and the on-site construction workload and the protection workload are reduced; and meanwhile, the sound vibration coupling damage of combustion gas stream strong noise to electrical components of a detection sensor and a front-end amplifier is reduced.